That seems to be an internal limit within the underlying AngularJS library framework on rendering the same html templates recursively. Due to the nature of the hierarchy, HTML templates are being re-used to render each sub level.
I was able to re-create it and though there was an error in the console with a 12 level deep consolidation, I was still able to see the resulting hierarchy:
I was still also able to select the other elements though.
Was it the same for you?
Given the descriptions of these elements could be quite long, one alternative way is to probably split it into two sections if that is an option.
You can use the same MDX to show like the first half of the elements, and the other would be the descendant of the element selected from the first.
In terms of the MDX, it can potentially look like this to show only 9 levels:
{ DESCENDANTS( [FIN Cost Center].[ Management Hierarchy (LOB) ], 9, BEFORE) }
Hope this helps clarify the above.
Cheers!
Paul